![]() Two geologists discovered that about half of the sand from the Grand Canyon was actually once part of the Appalachian Mountains. Essentially it was part of a vast desert.Īnyway, Uranium-Lead Dating has produced some surprises. Before it solidified, it was just regular sand. We knew that it was formed from sandstone that solidified somewhere between 150 and 300 million years ago. Now, we geologists thought we had a pretty good idea of how the Grand Canyon in the southwestern United States was formed. In other words, if you want to know how a land formation was formed, the first thing you probably want to know is how old it is. Why? Good dating is a key to good analysis. I’m going to talk about a particular dating technique. Today I want to talk about a way in which we are able to determine how old a piece of land is. But, what else can we say about them? Mary. So what about fairy tales? Th…they also are found in most cultures, but how are they different from folk tales? I guess the first question is: what is a fairy tale? And don’t anyone say “a story with a fairy in it” because we all know that very few fairy tales actually have those tiny magical creatures in them. But all the other elements, like the location or characters, might be modified for each audience. That was the thread that held the tale together. Um, not the plot, the details of what happens in the story would remain constant. So essentially the same tale could be told in different communities, with certain aspects of the tale adapted to fit the specific community. By communal, we mean they reflect the traits and the concerns of a particular community at a particular time. And that's why we say folk tales are communal. Look at the following TOEFL listening transcripts: ![]() “But” and "So" are usually followed by a key point.“Well” is usually used before answering a question.“Okay” and “Now” are usually used to transition into a different topic or a different key point.Signal words can be simple like “Okay”, “Well”, “Now”, “But”, and “So”. Signal words give clues as to the direction of the lecture and will help you understand the organization of the talk, connections between ideas, and the importance of ideas. So what words should you pay extra attention to? The answer is signal words. A better strategy is to listen selectively, paying more attention to the important words. When you are listening to a lecture in the TOEFL listening section, you don’t want to pay the same amount of attention to every single word.
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